Quantum Well
Light
↓
───────────────────────────────
| Quantum Well |
| (Absorbs Photons to |
| Generate Electron-Hole |
| Pairs) |
───────────────────────────────
| |
Electron Hole
| |
───────────────────────────────
| External Circuit |
───────────────────────────────
Energy (E)
───────────────────────────────
| E2 |
| ● |
| |
| E1 |
| ● |
| |
| E0 |
| ● |
| |
───────────────────────────────
| | |
Absorption Emission Transition
Potential Energy (V)
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
| Barrier |
| V_0 |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| E2 _|______________________ |
| ● / \ |
| / \ |
| E1 / \ |
| ● / \ |
| / \ |
| Ground State / \ |
| E0 / \ |
| ● / \ |
| | | |
| | Quantum Well Region | |
| | (V(x) = 0) | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Position (x)
+-----------+ +-------------------+
| Battery |----| Quantum Well |
| (DC) | | Device (Laser, |
| | | Photodetector) |
+-----------+ +-------------------+
| |
| |
+---------------------+
|
Load (e.g., LED)
|
GND
Potential Energy (V)
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
| Barrier |
| V_0 |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| | |
| E2 _|______________________ |
| ● / \ |
| / \ |
| E1 / \ |
| ● / \ |
| / \ |
| E0 / \ |
| ● / \ | |
| | | |
| | Quantum Well Region | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
| | | |
──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
Position (x)
quantized energy levels
+-----------------+
| Gain Medium |
| (Quantum Well) |
| |
+-----------------+
|
Pumping | Spontaneous Emission
Light | ↓
| +------------+
| | Photon |
| | Emission |
+----> →→→→→→ |
| +------------+
|
+-----------------+
| Output Coupler |
+-----------------+
Light
↓
───────────────────────────────
| Quantum Well |
| (Absorbs Photons to |
| Generate Electron-Hole |
| Pairs) |
───────────────────────────────
| |
Electron Hole
| |
───────────────────────────────
| External Circuit |
───────────────────────────────
Current (I)
───────────────────────────────
| |
| |
| ● | I_max
| ● |
| ● |
| ● |
| ● |
| ● |
| ● |
| ● |
| ● |
|-----------------------------| Voltage (V)
Energy (E)
──────────────────────────────
| | |
| Quantum Dot | |
| (3D Confinement) | |
| ● | |
|___________________________| |
| | |
| Quantum Well | |
| (2D Confinement) | |
| ●●● | |
|___________________________| |
Position (x)
Light
↓
+-----------------+
| Quantum Well |
| Absorbs Photons |
+-----------------+
| |
Electron Hole
| |
+-----------------+
| External Circuit |
| Generates Current |
+-----------------+
+---------------------+
| Quantum Well Device |
| |
| Heat Generation |
+---------------------+
|
+--------+
| Heat |
| Sink |
+--------+
|
+--------+
| Fan |
+--------+
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